What Does It Mean to Go on a Bender

What Does It Mean to Go on a Bender Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Print Your Body on an Alcoholic Bender By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 17, 2019 Marco Di Lauro  / Stringer  / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Going on a Bender Binge Drinking vs. Bender What Happens to Your Body When to Get Help View All Back To Top What is a bender? This slang term can mean a drug party, an extended period of continued drug use. An alcoholic bender is a multiple-day drinking spree during which the person does not eat and gets very little sleep. If youre on a bender, you might pass out for a short time, wake up and start drinking again. Going on a Bender An alcoholic bender does not refer to one evening of intoxication. It refers to a drinking spree that is extended over at least two nights. But some definitions insist that in order to be a true bender, the drinking spree has to last at least three days. Why three days? Because a weekend is two days and there are many drinkers who drink all weekend. Going that third day, and possibly missing work or school day, makes the drinking spree a self-destructive bender, rather than just another lost weekend. During a bender, the drinker typically begins drinking as soon as he wakes up, continues drinking until he passes out again, then wakes up and repeats the cycle. The origin of the use of the term bender to refer to an extended bout of drinking alcohol is not certain. Some historians think it may refer to the act of bending ones elbow to take a drink, while others believe it is associated with the phrase getting bent out of shape. Binge Drinking vs. Bender Sometimes the term binge drinking is confused with bender. Some people believe that warnings against binge drinking are warning against going on multiple day bout of intoxication, but that is not what binge drinking is at all. Binge drinking is drinking five or more drinks in any one drinking session for men, or four or more drinks a day for women.?? Harmful drinking can occur long before it reaches the level of a bender. While going on a bender might be considered self-destructive behavior, simply drinking five beers or a bottle of wine in one day is considered hazardous drinking. How Much Alcohol Is Safe to Drink Per Day? What Happens to Your Body Whether you are binging or going on a bender, your life and health arent being done any favors. Both are destructive and unhealthy. Drinking for three days certainly takes a toll on your brain and body, including inflammation, nausea, racing heart, and some pretty severe hangover symptoms.?? The Symptoms of a Hangover Researchers attribute these effects to excess acetaldehyde (one of the byproducts your liver pumps out after breaking down alcohol) that travels through your blood to your brain, heart, and stomach when drinking heavily.?? When you go on a bender, you are not giving your liver anytime to recovery. You are also putting yourself at risk of the following health concerns:?? Nutritional deficienciesDehydration and electrolyte imbalanceGastrointestinal issuesLow blood sugarSleep disturbancesBlack-outsHeart diseaseLiver diseaseStrokeAlcohol use disorderAlcohol withdrawalAcute alcohol poisoning Signs to Call 911 Knowing the signs of alcohol use poisoning and calling 911 immediately can help you save someones life.ConfusionVomitingKeeps passing outSeizuresSlow heart rateNo gag reflex (which prevents choking when vomiting)Extremely low body temperature or clammy or blue-tinged skin Slow or irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between any two breaths)Vomiting while passed out without waking up during or after vomiting When to Get Help If your continuous drinking or drugging session goes bad, you may end up committing or being the victim of assault, destroying property, or finally wake up in jail, perhaps with little memory of what transpired. A three-day bender that results in missing work or shirking other duties can be especially destructive to your reputation. It may be a wake-up call to others that you have a drinking problem and may soon be hitting bottom. What Hitting Bottom Means for an Alcoholic Frequent benders may be a sign of an alcohol use disorder.?? If you habitually drink in excess for consecutive days, you may want to  take an online quiz  to see if your drinking has reached  the level of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence. If you find that you have developed a problem with alcohol, help is available. Dont wait until its too late. Reaching out to a trusted family member or friend or health care provider is a great first step on the road to recovery.

Hortatory Discourse in Rhetoric

Speech or writing that urges or commands an audience to follow (or not follow) a particular course of action. It is also called hortatory rhetoric. Examples of Hortatory Speeches: I want you to get mad!I dont want you to protest. I dont want you to riot. I dont want you to write to your Congressman, because I wouldnt know what to tell you to write. I dont know what to do about the depression and the inflation and the Russians and the crime in the street.All I know is that first, youve got to get mad.Youve gotta say, Im a human being, goddammit! My life has value!So, I want you to get up now. I want all of you to get up out of your chairs. I want you to get up right now and go to the window, open it, and stick your head out and yell, Im as mad as hell, and Im not going to take this anymore!(Peter Finch as Howard Beale in Network, 1976)Please forget that we are anarchists. Forget that it is claimed that we propagated violence. Forget that something appeared in Mother Earth when I was thousands of miles away, three years ago. Forget all that, and merely consider the evidence. Have we been engaged in a conspiracy? Has that conspiracy been proven? Have we committed overt acts? Have those overt acts been proven? We for the defense say they have not been proven. And therefore your verdict must be not guilty.(Emma Goldman, address to the jury on July 9, 1917)Young America, dream. Choose the human race over the nuclear race. Bury the weapons and dont burn the people. Dream--dream of a new value system. Teachers who teach for life and not just for a living--teach because they cant help it. Dream of lawyers more concerned about justice than a judgeship. Dream of doctors more concerned about public health than personal wealth. Dream of preachers and priests who will prophesy and not just profiteer. Preach and dream!(Jesse Jackson, speech at the Democratic National Convention, July 18, 1984) Observations: Discourse as a Play: Narrative, Expository, and Hortatory[A] metaphor that has proven particularly useful in several theoretical approaches to discourse and communication . . . is summarized as discourse is a play. The idea is that a person who intends to communicate an idea is like the director of a play. The speaker has an image in mind, and uses linguistic tools to encourage some audience to create a similar image in their minds. . . . The scene may be an actual or fictional series of events occurring over time, in which case we may say that the discourse produced is narrative. Or the scene may involve a description of some concrete thing or abstract idea, in which case the speaker engages in expository discourse. Sometimes a speaker will use language to describe ways the speaker would like the audience to behave. This would be called hortatory discourse.(Thomas E. Payne, Understanding English Grammar. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011)In hortatory discourse, the composer of the discour se is especially likely to get involved with his subject matter and his audience and to urge on them a certain course of conduct by virtue of the prestige invested in this person.(Robert E. Longacre, The Grammar of Discourse, 2nd ed. Springer, 1996)Hortatory discourse can be seen as valuable in its own right. It can be seen as having a different purpose from the conveying of factual information. And the argumentation that is used to fulfill it, can be seen as legitimate in its own right, as a type of discourse distinct from information-seeking discourse.(Douglas Walton, Ethical Argumentation. Lexington Books, 2003) Pronunciation: HOR-teh-tor-ee

Safeguarding Electronic Information Security Policies

Safeguarding electronic information with information security policies is necessary. Information security can be defined as the protection of information and information systems against unauthorized access of information and against the denial of service to authorized users. Information security includes those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter these threats. Information security is consists of computer security and communications security. This paper will discuss how organizations need to use security policies and practices to keep their electronic information safe and protected. Federal regulations designed to protect information will also be addressed. I will also discuss vulnerabilities and obstacles organizations face in regards to information security. It is important to identify what type of information is worth protecting before a security policy can be developed. Information such as passwords, personnel information, access control files and keys and encr yption algorithms are some types of information that need to be protected. Once these items are identified the focus then switches to identifying the types of threats that could compromise the protected information and the countermeasures needed to reduce the risk. Network integrity is a major concern and threats are not limited to the stealing of information from the internet. There are also personal, social and physical threats that individuals need to be aware of. Some procedures used toShow MoreRelatedElectronic Mail Acceptable Use Policy1054 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of an electronic mail message, specifically commercial electronic mail messages. An electronic mail acceptable use policy is a document stipulating constraints and practices that users must agree to and comply with when accessing and using the organization’s network system and electronic mail servers. 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Food Health Nutrition Dissertation Topics Free Essays

1. Introduction to Food Health and Nutrition This guide gives you some ideas for dissertation titles. Food Health and Nutrition covers many areas, so there should be plenty to whet your appetite here. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Health Nutrition Dissertation Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dissertations typically take one of two forms, focusing either upon collecting and analyzing primary data or upon appraising secondary data only. Either type can be appropriate to your area of study. You will also find an overview of how to structure your dissertation in section three below. 2. Categories and List of Dissertation Titles 2.1 Food, Nutrition and Public Health 2.1.1 To what extent is legislation around food and nutrition designed to serve the interests of large corporationsA comparison of recent policies in the UK and USA. 2.2.2 What impact have recent advances in nutrigenomics had on public health policies, and what potential does it have to change such policies in the futureA review of literature. 2.1.3 Safe upper limits: have guidelines from the Food Standards Agency produced in 2003 recommending safe limits for a number of vitamins been incorporated into the public awarenessA quantitative study amongst over 50’s UK women. 2.1.4 Food and nutrition: does class count Does the knowledge of the link between obesity and diet vary between socio-economic groupsA qualitative study amongst parents of school children in the UK. 2.1.5 Can the concept of household food security (HFS) offer an adequate tool for investigating attitudes towards nutrition and foodA review of recent literature. 2.1.6Is an interdisciplinary and partnership approach the best way to tackle the growing problem of obesity in the UKA literature review. 2.1.7 Can food policies in school shape parent’s and children’s attitudesA qualitative study in an inner London comprehensive school. 2.1.8‘Good food is too expensive and hard to find’: Do women living in poverty in the inner city find choices about food most limited by education, geographical location, unemployment or lack of fundsAn qualitative study using techniques of action research. 2.2 Global Food Issues 2.2.1 To what extent are emergency food programmes successful in reaching those people most in needA critical analysis of three recent responses to emergency food situations after natural disasters. 2.2.2 Is an integrated global policy on food health and nutrition more possible now than in the twentieth centuryA review of the literature. 2.2.3 What is the impact of inflation upon nutritional health in developing countries A literature review. 2.2.4 To what extent do concepts of health differ from country to countryA quantitative study assessing attitudes towards notions of ‘eating well’, ‘a good diet’ and ‘food that is good for you’. 2.2.5 How effective have zinc supplements been in improving health in developing countriesA ciritcal review of the World Health Organisation’s recent policies, priorities and programmes. 2.2.6 Women: poorly served in healthWhat impact does gender have on nutrient deficiencies worldwide A qualitative study amongst healthcare workers in developing countries. 2.2.7 What impact does foreign direct investment have on problems of nutrition and diet within the developing worldA review of recent literature. 2.2.8 A Mediterranean diet for health: can eating the traditional diet of Mediterranean regions have a positive impact on weightA quantitative study. 2.3 General Food Health and Nutrition 2.3.1 Can a case be made for a vegetarian diet in terms of the long-term sustainability of farming and animal productsA literature review. 2.3.2 To what extent do the elderly suffer poor diet and nutritional deficiencies in UK care homesA review of the literature. 2.3.3Does consumer understanding of sustainability impact upon food choicesA qualitative study amongst buyers in a UK supermarket. 2.3.4 What is the relationship between the obesity epidemic and sustainabilityA systematic review of the literature. 2.3.5 Can educational interventions offer a way to increase biodiversity in foodA quantitative study amongst UK school children. 2.3.6Wild plants and traditional medicine: to what extent do UK residents originally from Eastern Europe use foraged plants medicinally, and is their knowledge dissiminated amongst other UK residentsA qualitative study. 2.3.7Home grown bacon or children’s petWhat prompts decisions to slaughter home-bred pigs, and are these mitigated by the views of children in the familyA qualitative study amongst 10 families who bought pigs to raise and slaughter for meat. 2.3.8 What is the most effective way to develop a sustainable food supply and avoid malnutrition worldwide A qualitative study amongst experts around the world. 2.4 Food, Nutrition and the Consumer 2.4.1 Consumer perceptions of non-Polish users of specialist Polish food retailers in the UK: is there a relationship between previous travel habits and use of Polish food retailersA quantitative study in Crewe, Cheshire. 2.4.2 Eat healthy: which factor is more influential in choice of food products associated with health – colour, labeling or layoutA qualitative study amongst UK consumers using action research techniques. 2.4.3Is there a link between consumer recall of nutritional labeling information and the effective use of such information A quantitative study. 2.4.4 Do people who exercise regularly read food labeling information more frequentlyA qualitative study amongst members of a running club. 2.4.5 Does the perceived attractiveness of other eaters in a restaurant influence customers towards more healthy or lower calorie choices from the menuA quantitative study in three London restaurants. 2.4.6 Nutrigenomics: a new way of personalizing nutrition, or a passing fadA review of recent literature. 2.4.7 Is purchase behaviour regarding functional foods linked to socio-demographics of consumersA quantitative study amongst shoppers in Tesco. 2.4.8 Is there a relationship between willingness to have surgical treatment for obesity and use of food nutrition labels amongst female consumersA quantitative study amongst morbidly obese women in the UK. 2.5 The Science of Food 2.5.1 Is there adequate evidence that soy phytoestrogen supplements sold commercially have a positive impact upon depression and anxiety in humansA systematic review 2.5.2 To what extent do extraction methods impact on the ability of components of Elettaria cardamomum seeds / pods to produce antioxidant and antimicrobial effectsA review of recent literature. 2.5.3 Can taking Selenium reduce the risk of prostate cancer in menA systematic review of literature. 2.5.4 Has the suggested link between eating garlic and reduced risk of cancer been proven, and, if so, by what mechanisms is this reduced risk possibleA literature review. 2.5.5 Can experiments on animals which suggest that endogenous peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) can regulate appetite have implications for the treatment of problems of over-eating in humansA literature review. 2.5.6 Is the evidence that the by-products of coffee decaffeination (crude caffeine) has antioxidant properties sufficient to use it for health benefits, and, if so, what is the most effective way of using itA review of the literature. 2.5.7 Are organically farmed livestock able to offer superior products in terms of biometric and nutritional propertiesA quantitative study comparing meat from organic and non-organic producers. 2.5.8 Another ‘superfood’ Can Maqui Berry extract be used to treat type II diabetes in humansA review of the literature. 3. How to Structure a Food Health Dissertation, Tips For details on how to structure a marketing dissertation, kindly check out the following post: How to Structure a dissertation (chapters) How to structure a dissertation (chapters and subchapters) How to structure a dissertation research proposal How to cite Food Health Nutrition Dissertation Topics, Essays

LINGUISTICS Essays - Articles, Academic Disciplines, Linguistics

LINGUISTICS The word Linguistics' has been derived from the Latin lingua (tongue) and istics (knowledge or science). Etymologically, therefore, linguistics is the scientific language. But it is the study not of one particular language but of human language in general. It studies language as a universal and recognizable part of human behavior. It attempts to describe and analyze language. The field of linguistics comprises under-standing of the place of language in human life, the ways in which it is organized to fulfill the needs it serves, and the functions it performs. So linguistics is that science which studies the origin, organization, nature and development of language descriptively, historically, comparatively and explicitly, and formulates the general rules related to language. Diachronic (historical) linguistics studies the development of language through history, through time, for example, the way in which French and Italian have evolved from Latin. Linguistics, therefore, is the science that describes and classifies languages. The linguist identifies and describes the units and patterns of the sound system, the words and morphemes, and the phrases and sentences, which is the structure of language, as completely, accurately, and economically as possible. LINGUISTIC LEVELS Linguistics levels' means the levels of language structure. There is a considerable difference among the linguisticians about the number and terminology of linguistic levels. Robert Hall (1969: 32) recommends the levels-phonology (phonemics-phonetics), morphology and syntax. R.H Robins (1971: 11) mentions phonology, grammar and semantics. Hockett (1973: 137-138) advocates the following five levels which he calls subsystems: The Grammatical System: a stock of morphemes, and the arrangements in which they occur; The Phonological System: a stock of phonemes, and the assignments in which they occur; The Morphophonemic System: the code which ties together the grammatical and the phonological system; The Phonemic System: the ways in which sequences of the phonemes are converted into sound waves by articulation of a speaker, and are decoded from the speech signal by a hearer; The Semantic System: This associates various morphemes, and arrangements in which morphemes can be put, with things situations, or kinds of things and situations. Hockett calls the first three of the above "central" subsystem, and the last two "peripheral" subsystems. Such a labeling of names, however, should not lead one to confusion. There are no basic differences about the structure of language. Such a classification is done by the linguist for the sake of convenience in the study of the subject matter, i.e. language which is a complex phenomenon. All these levels are inter-related aspects of his subject matter, quite often overlapping. Any separation or classification should not be treated as rigid or opaque. A linguist has to describe human language, and human beings do not use just one level of it at a time. There are three aspects of language activity, or three types of pattern in language, the material, the structural and the environmental leading to three separate linguistic levels-SUBSTANCE, FORM AND CONTEXT. "The substance is the raw material of language; auditory (PHONIC substance) or visual (GRAPHIC substance). The form is the organization, the internal structure, it is grammar + lexis. The context is the relationship between form and situation, which we call meaning (Semantics). The linguistic science has to explain language at all these levels. These levels are explained below: Phonics. Phonics is the study of speech processes including the anatomy, neurology and pathology of speech, the articulation, classification and perception of speech sounds. Phonetics is a pure science and need not be studied in relation to a particular language, but it has many practical applications e.g. in phonetic transcriptions, language teaching speech therapy, communications engineering. Some phoneticians consider phonetics to be outside the central core of linguistics proper, but most would include it under the heading linguistics science'. The linguistic aspects of phonetics, i.e., the study of sound systems of particular languages are part of phonology. -32385033655 The study of phonetics can be divided into three main branches, ARTICULATORY PHONETICS, the study of the movement of the speech organs in the articulation of speech, ACOUSTIC PHONETICS, the study of the physical properties of speech sounds such as frequency and amplitude in their transmission, and AUDITORY PHONETICS, the study of hearing and the perception speech sound. Laboratory Phonetics.

Harry Potter Controversy About Banning the Books

Harry Potter Controversy About Banning the Books The Harry Potter controversy has gone on, in one form or another, for years, particularly before the series ended. On one side of the Harry Potter controversy are those who say that J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter books are wonderful fantasy novels with powerful messages for kids and the ability to make even reluctant readers eager readers. On the opposing end are those who say that the Harry Potter books are evil books designed to promote an interest in the occult, since Harry Potter, the hero of the series, is a wizard. In a number of states, there have been attempts, some successful and some unsuccessful, to have the Harry Potter books banned in classrooms, and banned or under severe restrictions in school libraries. For example, in Gwinnett County, Georgia, a parent challenged the Harry Potter books on the grounds that they promoted witchcraft. When school officials ruled against her, she went to the State Board of Education. When the BOE confirmed the right of local school officials to make such decisions, she took her battle against the books to court. Although the judge ruled against her, she indicated she might continue her fight against the series. As a result of all the attempts to ban the Harry Potter books, those in favor of the series also began speaking out. kidSPEAK Speaks Out American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression, the Association of American Publishers, the Association of Booksellers for Children, the Childrens Book Council, the Freedom to Read Foundation, the National Coalition Against Censorship, the National Council of Teachers of English, the PEN American Center, and the People for the American Way Foundation. What do these groups have in common? They were all sponsors of kidSPEAK!, which was initially called Muggles for Harry Potter (because in the Harry Potter series, a Muggle is a non-magical person). The organization was dedicated to helping kids with their First Amendment rights. The group was most active in the early 2000s when the Harry Potter controversy was at its height. Challenges and Support for the Harry Potter Series There have been challenges in more than a dozen states.  The Harry Potter books were number seven on the American Library Associations list of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 1990-2000, and they were number one on the ALAs Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009. The End of the Series Generates New Views With the publication of the seventh and final book in the series, some people began to look back over the entire series and wonder if it might not be a Christian allegory. In his three-part article, Harry Potter: Christian Allegory or Occultist Children’s Books?  reviewer Aaron Mead suggests that Christian parents should enjoy the Harry Potter stories but focus on their theological symbolism and message. Whether or not you share the view that it is wrong to censor the Harry Potter books, they have value by giving parents and teachers the opportunity offered by the series to increase their childrens interest in reading and writing and use the books to promote family discussions about issues that might otherwise not be discussed. Reading all the books in the series will allow you to make an informed decision about the Harry Potter books for your children. Participate in Banned Books Week activities, educate yourself about your communitys and school districts policies, and speak out as needed. More About Book Banning and Censorship All About Book Banning and Childrens BooksKids Book Censorship: The Who and WhyFrequently Challenged Books of the 21st Century

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects Theres nothing like the smell of an evergreen tree to get you in the holiday spirit. But when you bring a live or cut Christmas tree indoors, some of the insects that have called your Christmas tree home might be joining you for the holiday season. Heres what you need to know about Christmas tree insects. Holiday Bugs Pose a Very Small Risk   You really dont need to worry about bringing any dangerous or destructive pests inside with your Christmas tree. Your home isnt an appropriate habitat for insects that inhabit coniferous forests, and they arent going to move in for good. Lacking food and adequate humidity to survive, most Christmas tree insects die soon after moving indoors. Just keep an eye out - if you find insects, they wont bite or sting and wont travel far from the tree. Insects that Live in Christmas Trees Coniferous trees attract a variety of small insects that may be visible only in large numbers. Aphids are common pests of evergreen trees, and the warm conditions of your home may cause overwintering aphid eggs to hatch. Some conifers host adelgids, which produce cottony secretions over their bodies. Mites and scale insects also inhabit Christmas trees. Larger Christmas tree insects include bark beetles and praying mantids. Adult mantids will be long gone from the cold temperatures, but mantid egg cases can hatch when introduced to the warmth of your home. If that happens, youll have hundreds of tiny mantids wandering in search of food. Christmas trees often harbor spiders, too. Check for Insects Outside Harmless or not, you probably dont want to spend the holiday season with bugs crawling around among the presents or flying into your windows trying to escape. You can minimize the chance of Christmas tree insects wandering around your living room, though, before you get it inside. When choosing a tree, inspect it carefully. Look for signs of aphids or other small insects. Theyll likely appear as little brown or red dots. Adelgids resemble a dusting of snow. And dont forget to examine the undersides of branches. Check each branch for egg cases, which could contain praying mantises. Prune out any you find because your warm home will feel like spring and induce eggs to hatch. Brown cocoons may harbor sawflies. Look at the trunk, too - small holes with sawdust trails are a sign of bark beetles. Reject any tree that seems heavily infested with pests. Before bringing the Christmas tree in the house, shake it vigorously to dislodge insects and spiders. Remove any bird nests, as these can contain mites. If you want to be sure that you found all the bugs, putting the tree in a five-gallon bucket of water in the garage for a few days can serve your peace of mind. If you do want to go after bugs found on the tree, dust it with diatomaceous earth, which dries out any bugs it comes into contact with. Wear eye and face protection when applying, as its actually pulverized rock that you dont want in your eyes or lungs. Shake the tree to remove excess before bringing it inside. Christmas Tree Insects Indoors Whatever you do, do not spray aerosol pesticides on your Christmas tree, as these products are flammable! Insects require humidity to live, and most will desiccate and die within a matter of days. Additionally, they will be unable to survive without food. It is much safer, and better for your health, to simply vacuum up any dead insects you find.