Writing a conclusion to an essay
Nse. The Essay Topic Is Mechanism And Purpose Of Immunization Vaccines And
Sunday, August 23, 2020
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Lady Macbeth free essay sample
Macbeth is a grievous play composed by William Shakespeare and recounts to the account of the apparently fearless warrior, Macbeth. Be that as it may, due a prediction made by the witches, Macbeth becomes over-goal-oriented and submits regicide. The remainder of the story shows how the violations he submitted prompted his unavoidable defeat. Rupert Goold coordinated a film adjustment of Macbeth featuring Patrick Steward and Kate Fleetwood. The film adjustment utilized regalia practically identical to Soviet Union. In any case, the name all things considered and the spot names are kept equivalent to in the play. The film adjustment of Macbeth is sensational, with heaps of strain, anticipation and carnage to keep the crowd mindful. One of the fundamental characters in the play is Lady Macbeth, spouse to Macbeth. She is a very eager lady who is charmed by force and brilliance. In the play she is appeared as an incredible and ruling character. This is likewise the situation in the film adjustment, where is additionally introduced as a sexual seductress. Shockingly Macbeth can't avoid his aspiration and before he submits regicide he says, Stars, shroud your fire, let not light observe my dark and profound wants. This speech shows Macbeths inner clash between his aspiration and his profound quality as he is embarrassed about what he is going to do, he doesn't wish paradise to see the mixing insidious inside him. The talks show that Macbeths uncontrolled desire in the end overpowers him and that he loses the fight among great and insidiousness. Shakespeare additionally utilizes the procedure of differentiating characters to feature the battle among great and fiendishness. During the primary portion of the play Shakespeare uncovers the way that Macbeth is shrewd by standing out him from his dear companion, Banquo. They are both solid pioneers and successful commanders and both observer the witches forecasts; anyway their responses to these predictions differentiate significantly: Banquo can oppose his aspiration for his decedents to be rulers; Macbeth can't avoid his craving to become lord. This uncovers the world is loaded with allurements and that man continually battles to oppose insidious. We are in every case just a single choice away from capitulating to sin. Macduff is another character that stands out distinctively from Macbeth. This is particularly outstanding in the manner they treat every others ife. When Macduff finds the passing of King Duncan he attempts to save the brutality of his revelation from Lady Macbeth, saying O delicate Lady, Tis not for you to hear what I can talk and shows his anxiety for Lady Macbeth when she blacks out Look to the woman. Anyway Macbeths treatment of Lady Macduff uncovers the profundities of debasement to which his character has fallen. This is demonstrated when Macbeth butchers Lady Macduff and her kids during the nonappearance of Macduff. Macbeth orders the killers to Give the edge o the blade/His significant other, his angels, and all nfortunate spirits/That follow him in his line. His activity exhibits how far his character crumbles into malevolent as he loses the feeling of soul and humankind, close to the finish of the play. Ultimately the symbolism in the discourse strengthens the possibility of shrewdness overpowering great because of Macbeths aspiration to be above all else. One of the best pictures Shakespeare utilizes is blood symbolism, which can be seen all through the entire play and starts at the initial fight between the scouts and the Norwegian trespassers. The injured skippers frightening depiction of Macbeths
Wednesday, July 15, 2020
What Does It Mean to Go on a Bender
What Does It Mean to Go on a Bender Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Print Your Body on an Alcoholic Bender By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 17, 2019 Marco Di Lauro / Stringer / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Going on a Bender Binge Drinking vs. Bender What Happens to Your Body When to Get Help View All Back To Top What is a bender? This slang term can mean a drug party, an extended period of continued drug use. An alcoholic bender is a multiple-day drinking spree during which the person does not eat and gets very little sleep. If youre on a bender, you might pass out for a short time, wake up and start drinking again. Going on a Bender An alcoholic bender does not refer to one evening of intoxication. It refers to a drinking spree that is extended over at least two nights. But some definitions insist that in order to be a true bender, the drinking spree has to last at least three days. Why three days? Because a weekend is two days and there are many drinkers who drink all weekend. Going that third day, and possibly missing work or school day, makes the drinking spree a self-destructive bender, rather than just another lost weekend. During a bender, the drinker typically begins drinking as soon as he wakes up, continues drinking until he passes out again, then wakes up and repeats the cycle. The origin of the use of the term bender to refer to an extended bout of drinking alcohol is not certain. Some historians think it may refer to the act of bending ones elbow to take a drink, while others believe it is associated with the phrase getting bent out of shape. Binge Drinking vs. Bender Sometimes the term binge drinking is confused with bender. Some people believe that warnings against binge drinking are warning against going on multiple day bout of intoxication, but that is not what binge drinking is at all. Binge drinking is drinking five or more drinks in any one drinking session for men, or four or more drinks a day for women.?? Harmful drinking can occur long before it reaches the level of a bender. While going on a bender might be considered self-destructive behavior, simply drinking five beers or a bottle of wine in one day is considered hazardous drinking. How Much Alcohol Is Safe to Drink Per Day? What Happens to Your Body Whether you are binging or going on a bender, your life and health arent being done any favors. Both are destructive and unhealthy. Drinking for three days certainly takes a toll on your brain and body, including inflammation, nausea, racing heart, and some pretty severe hangover symptoms.?? The Symptoms of a Hangover Researchers attribute these effects to excess acetaldehyde (one of the byproducts your liver pumps out after breaking down alcohol) that travels through your blood to your brain, heart, and stomach when drinking heavily.?? When you go on a bender, you are not giving your liver anytime to recovery. You are also putting yourself at risk of the following health concerns:?? Nutritional deficienciesDehydration and electrolyte imbalanceGastrointestinal issuesLow blood sugarSleep disturbancesBlack-outsHeart diseaseLiver diseaseStrokeAlcohol use disorderAlcohol withdrawalAcute alcohol poisoning Signs to Call 911 Knowing the signs of alcohol use poisoning and calling 911 immediately can help you save someones life.ConfusionVomitingKeeps passing outSeizuresSlow heart rateNo gag reflex (which prevents choking when vomiting)Extremely low body temperature or clammy or blue-tinged skin Slow or irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between any two breaths)Vomiting while passed out without waking up during or after vomiting When to Get Help If your continuous drinking or drugging session goes bad, you may end up committing or being the victim of assault, destroying property, or finally wake up in jail, perhaps with little memory of what transpired. A three-day bender that results in missing work or shirking other duties can be especially destructive to your reputation. It may be a wake-up call to others that you have a drinking problem and may soon be hitting bottom. What Hitting Bottom Means for an Alcoholic Frequent benders may be a sign of an alcohol use disorder.?? If you habitually drink in excess for consecutive days, you may want to take an online quiz to see if your drinking has reached the level of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence. If you find that you have developed a problem with alcohol, help is available. Dont wait until its too late. Reaching out to a trusted family member or friend or health care provider is a great first step on the road to recovery.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Hortatory Discourse in Rhetoric
Speech or writing that urges or commands an audience to follow (or not follow) a particular course of action. It is also called hortatory rhetoric. Examples of Hortatory Speeches: I want you to get mad!I dont want you to protest. I dont want you to riot. I dont want you to write to your Congressman, because I wouldnt know what to tell you to write. I dont know what to do about the depression and the inflation and the Russians and the crime in the street.All I know is that first, youve got to get mad.Youve gotta say, Im a human being, goddammit! My life has value!So, I want you to get up now. I want all of you to get up out of your chairs. I want you to get up right now and go to the window, open it, and stick your head out and yell, Im as mad as hell, and Im not going to take this anymore!(Peter Finch as Howard Beale in Network, 1976)Please forget that we are anarchists. Forget that it is claimed that we propagated violence. Forget that something appeared in Mother Earth when I was thousands of miles away, three years ago. Forget all that, and merely consider the evidence. Have we been engaged in a conspiracy? Has that conspiracy been proven? Have we committed overt acts? Have those overt acts been proven? We for the defense say they have not been proven. And therefore your verdict must be not guilty.(Emma Goldman, address to the jury on July 9, 1917)Young America, dream. Choose the human race over the nuclear race. Bury the weapons and dont burn the people. Dream--dream of a new value system. Teachers who teach for life and not just for a living--teach because they cant help it. Dream of lawyers more concerned about justice than a judgeship. Dream of doctors more concerned about public health than personal wealth. Dream of preachers and priests who will prophesy and not just profiteer. Preach and dream!(Jesse Jackson, speech at the Democratic National Convention, July 18, 1984) Observations: Discourse as a Play: Narrative, Expository, and Hortatory[A] metaphor that has proven particularly useful in several theoretical approaches to discourse and communication . . . is summarized as discourse is a play. The idea is that a person who intends to communicate an idea is like the director of a play. The speaker has an image in mind, and uses linguistic tools to encourage some audience to create a similar image in their minds. . . . The scene may be an actual or fictional series of events occurring over time, in which case we may say that the discourse produced is narrative. Or the scene may involve a description of some concrete thing or abstract idea, in which case the speaker engages in expository discourse. Sometimes a speaker will use language to describe ways the speaker would like the audience to behave. This would be called hortatory discourse.(Thomas E. Payne, Understanding English Grammar. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011)In hortatory discourse, the composer of the discour se is especially likely to get involved with his subject matter and his audience and to urge on them a certain course of conduct by virtue of the prestige invested in this person.(Robert E. Longacre, The Grammar of Discourse, 2nd ed. Springer, 1996)Hortatory discourse can be seen as valuable in its own right. It can be seen as having a different purpose from the conveying of factual information. And the argumentation that is used to fulfill it, can be seen as legitimate in its own right, as a type of discourse distinct from information-seeking discourse.(Douglas Walton, Ethical Argumentation. Lexington Books, 2003) Pronunciation: HOR-teh-tor-ee
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Safeguarding Electronic Information Security Policies
Safeguarding electronic information with information security policies is necessary. Information security can be defined as the protection of information and information systems against unauthorized access of information and against the denial of service to authorized users. Information security includes those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter these threats. Information security is consists of computer security and communications security. This paper will discuss how organizations need to use security policies and practices to keep their electronic information safe and protected. Federal regulations designed to protect information will also be addressed. I will also discuss vulnerabilities and obstacles organizations face in regards to information security. It is important to identify what type of information is worth protecting before a security policy can be developed. Information such as passwords, personnel information, access control files and keys and encr yption algorithms are some types of information that need to be protected. Once these items are identified the focus then switches to identifying the types of threats that could compromise the protected information and the countermeasures needed to reduce the risk. Network integrity is a major concern and threats are not limited to the stealing of information from the internet. There are also personal, social and physical threats that individuals need to be aware of. Some procedures used toShow MoreRelatedElectronic Mail Acceptable Use Policy1054 Words à |à 5 Pagespurpose of an electronic mail message, specifically commercial electronic mail messages. An electronic mail acceptable use policy is a document stipulating constraints and practices that users must agree to and comply with when accessing and using the organizationââ¬â¢s network system and electronic mail servers. The electronic mail acceptable use policy is a component of the Individual Use and Operation of Inform ation Systems/Computers directive. The Department of Homeland Security, Management DirectiveRead MoreIs3350 Unit 2 Assignment 1807 Words à |à 4 PagesVeteranââ¬â¢s Affairs (VA) and Loss of Private Information IS3350 Unit 2 Assignment 1: Executive Summary on Veteranââ¬â¢s Affairs (VA) and Loss of Private Information Background On 3 May 2006, a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) laptop was stolen from a VA data analystââ¬â¢s home in Montgomery County, Maryland. In addition to the laptop, a personal external hard drive was stolen. The external hard drive contained the personal data (names, social security numbers, dates of birth, disability ratings)Read MoreComputer Usage Policy : Purpose707 Words à |à 3 PagesCOMPUTER USAGE POLICY Purpose Computers Inc. provides out employees with the finest resources in order to do their jobs, serve our customers, and keep a competitive work environment. Computers Inc. provides access to several forms of electronic media and services, including but not limited to: computers, e-mail, telephones, voicemail, fax machine, online services, and the internet. Computers Inc. provides the use of media and associated services because they make communication more effective andRead MoreAcceptable And Unacceptable Use Of Electronic Devices And Network Resources At Commercial Realty Inc.963 Words à |à 4 PagesAcceptable Use Policy (AUP) Author: Ryan Jelsone Date: 21 October 2015 Overview The purpose of this policy is to establish acceptable and unacceptable use of electronic devices and network resources at Commercial Realty Inc. in conjunction with its established culture of ethical and lawful behavior, openness, trust, and integrity. Commercial Realty Inc. provides computer devices, networks, and other electronic information systems to meet missions, goals, and initiatives and must manageRead MoreInformation Technology : An Effective Health Organization Essay1448 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat is information technology? Information technology is the use or study of computers systems, software, storage, networks, etc. used to transmit, retrieve, and processing data. Information technology is a data communication tool that most or all health organizations or companies use to compute information into a system. Health organization are facilities and agencies that provide health and medical information to clients. There are several different health organizations that consist of hospitalsRead MoreAssignment 307 Understand How To Handle Information In Social Care Settings 1 Copy724 Words à |à 3 Pageshow to handle information in social care settings Task A Short answer questions Ai Identify four key pieces of Legislation and Codes of Practice relating to handling information in social care settings. â⬠¢ Data Protection Act 1998 â⬠¢ Health and Social Care Act 2000 â⬠¢ Employees Policies and Procedures â⬠¢ Freedom of Information Act 2000 Aii Explain how legal requirements and codes of practice affect the day to day work of a social care worker in relation to handling information. ConfidentialityRead MoreGuidelines Of Regulations And Emerging Trends Of Privacy And Security Essay984 Words à |à 4 PagesWrite a short paper (2-4 pages) discussing regulations and emerging trends in Privacy and Security as they relate to Healthcare Data. New technologies are changing the healthcare by incorporating into the existing infrastructure. Paper-based patient records are converting to electronic format, from this patients can get an access to their record. Even by placing a specialized sensor in patients home make monitoring patient much more feasible. Overall this technology makes an improvement on the qualityRead MoreEssay On Information Security Handled By The Government1112 Words à |à 5 PagesInformation security handled by the government. Devin Norton Jacksonville state university Abstract This essay will be covering the topic of some of the different acts of different acts of federal regulations that apply to information security and privacy. Information security being such an impactful feature for companies and customers the like to have peace of mind that their content is safe, it is also important to have these regulations in place to maintain transparency that their lively hoodsRead Morecgmt 400 week 3 individual securing and protecting information1490 Words à |à 6 Pagesand Protecting Information Michael Anthony Horton University of Phoenix August 18, 2014 Instructor: Dr. Stephen Jones Securing and Protecting Information The specific purpose of this paper is to describe the authentication process and to describe how this and other information security considerations will affect the design and development process for new information systems. The authentication process is a necessity for safeguarding systems againstRead MoreHow The Current Restaurant Location Continues Working On A Final Business Plan Punch Out1553 Words à |à 7 Pagescorrectly. All parties involved starting running through items in their heads and developed what-if scenarios. Tyler observed two minor situations in nature that got him thinking outside the box. First a water bottle was knock over and spilled on an electronic tool causing it to short out and later on his cell phone went dead because to forgot to charge it up. These two situations gave Tyler pause as he considered what would happen if any of the restaurants equipment malfunctioned due to break-down, accidental
Food Health Nutrition Dissertation Topics Free Essays
1. Introduction to Food Health and Nutrition This guide gives you some ideas for dissertation titles. Food Health and Nutrition covers many areas, so there should be plenty to whet your appetite here. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Health Nutrition Dissertation Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dissertations typically take one of two forms, focusing either upon collecting and analyzing primary data or upon appraising secondary data only. Either type can be appropriate to your area of study. You will also find an overview of how to structure your dissertation in section three below. 2. Categories and List of Dissertation Titles 2.1 Food, Nutrition and Public Health 2.1.1 To what extent is legislation around food and nutrition designed to serve the interests of large corporationsA comparison of recent policies in the UK and USA. 2.2.2 What impact have recent advances in nutrigenomics had on public health policies, and what potential does it have to change such policies in the futureA review of literature. 2.1.3 Safe upper limits: have guidelines from the Food Standards Agency produced in 2003 recommending safe limits for a number of vitamins been incorporated into the public awarenessA quantitative study amongst over 50ââ¬â¢s UK women. 2.1.4 Food and nutrition: does class count Does the knowledge of the link between obesity and diet vary between socio-economic groupsA qualitative study amongst parents of school children in the UK. 2.1.5 Can the concept of household food security (HFS) offer an adequate tool for investigating attitudes towards nutrition and foodA review of recent literature. 2.1.6Is an interdisciplinary and partnership approach the best way to tackle the growing problem of obesity in the UKA literature review. 2.1.7 Can food policies in school shape parentââ¬â¢s and childrenââ¬â¢s attitudesA qualitative study in an inner London comprehensive school. 2.1.8ââ¬ËGood food is too expensive and hard to findââ¬â¢: Do women living in poverty in the inner city find choices about food most limited by education, geographical location, unemployment or lack of fundsAn qualitative study using techniques of action research. 2.2 Global Food Issues 2.2.1 To what extent are emergency food programmes successful in reaching those people most in needA critical analysis of three recent responses to emergency food situations after natural disasters. 2.2.2 Is an integrated global policy on food health and nutrition more possible now than in the twentieth centuryA review of the literature. 2.2.3 What is the impact of inflation upon nutritional health in developing countries A literature review. 2.2.4 To what extent do concepts of health differ from country to countryA quantitative study assessing attitudes towards notions of ââ¬Ëeating wellââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëa good dietââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëfood that is good for youââ¬â¢. 2.2.5 How effective have zinc supplements been in improving health in developing countriesA ciritcal review of the World Health Organisationââ¬â¢s recent policies, priorities and programmes. 2.2.6 Women: poorly served in healthWhat impact does gender have on nutrient deficiencies worldwide A qualitative study amongst healthcare workers in developing countries. 2.2.7 What impact does foreign direct investment have on problems of nutrition and diet within the developing worldA review of recent literature. 2.2.8 A Mediterranean diet for health: can eating the traditional diet of Mediterranean regions have a positive impact on weightA quantitative study. 2.3 General Food Health and Nutrition 2.3.1 Can a case be made for a vegetarian diet in terms of the long-term sustainability of farming and animal productsA literature review. 2.3.2 To what extent do the elderly suffer poor diet and nutritional deficiencies in UK care homesA review of the literature. 2.3.3Does consumer understanding of sustainability impact upon food choicesA qualitative study amongst buyers in a UK supermarket. 2.3.4 What is the relationship between the obesity epidemic and sustainabilityA systematic review of the literature. 2.3.5 Can educational interventions offer a way to increase biodiversity in foodA quantitative study amongst UK school children. 2.3.6Wild plants and traditional medicine: to what extent do UK residents originally from Eastern Europe use foraged plants medicinally, and is their knowledge dissiminated amongst other UK residentsA qualitative study. 2.3.7Home grown bacon or childrenââ¬â¢s petWhat prompts decisions to slaughter home-bred pigs, and are these mitigated by the views of children in the familyA qualitative study amongst 10 families who bought pigs to raise and slaughter for meat. 2.3.8 What is the most effective way to develop a sustainable food supply and avoid malnutrition worldwide A qualitative study amongst experts around the world. 2.4 Food, Nutrition and the Consumer 2.4.1 Consumer perceptions of non-Polish users of specialist Polish food retailers in the UK: is there a relationship between previous travel habits and use of Polish food retailersA quantitative study in Crewe, Cheshire. 2.4.2 Eat healthy: which factor is more influential in choice of food products associated with health ââ¬â colour, labeling or layoutA qualitative study amongst UK consumers using action research techniques. 2.4.3Is there a link between consumer recall of nutritional labeling information and the effective use of such information A quantitative study. 2.4.4 Do people who exercise regularly read food labeling information more frequentlyA qualitative study amongst members of a running club. 2.4.5 Does the perceived attractiveness of other eaters in a restaurant influence customers towards more healthy or lower calorie choices from the menuA quantitative study in three London restaurants. 2.4.6 Nutrigenomics: a new way of personalizing nutrition, or a passing fadA review of recent literature. 2.4.7 Is purchase behaviour regarding functional foods linked to socio-demographics of consumersA quantitative study amongst shoppers in Tesco. 2.4.8 Is there a relationship between willingness to have surgical treatment for obesity and use of food nutrition labels amongst female consumersA quantitative study amongst morbidly obese women in the UK. 2.5 The Science of Food 2.5.1 Is there adequate evidence that soy phytoestrogen supplements sold commercially have a positive impact upon depression and anxiety in humansA systematic review 2.5.2 To what extent do extraction methods impact on the ability of components of Elettaria cardamomum seeds / pods to produce antioxidant and antimicrobial effectsA review of recent literature. 2.5.3 Can taking Selenium reduce the risk of prostate cancer in menA systematic review of literature. 2.5.4 Has the suggested link between eating garlic and reduced risk of cancer been proven, and, if so, by what mechanisms is this reduced risk possibleA literature review. 2.5.5 Can experiments on animals which suggest that endogenous peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) can regulate appetite have implications for the treatment of problems of over-eating in humansA literature review. 2.5.6 Is the evidence that the by-products of coffee decaffeination (crude caffeine) has antioxidant properties sufficient to use it for health benefits, and, if so, what is the most effective way of using itA review of the literature. 2.5.7 Are organically farmed livestock able to offer superior products in terms of biometric and nutritional propertiesA quantitative study comparing meat from organic and non-organic producers. 2.5.8 Another ââ¬Ësuperfoodââ¬â¢ Can Maqui Berry extract be used to treat type II diabetes in humansA review of the literature. 3. How to Structure a Food Health Dissertation, Tips For details on how to structure a marketing dissertation, kindly check out the following post: How to Structure a dissertation (chapters) How to structure a dissertation (chapters and subchapters) How to structure a dissertation research proposal How to cite Food Health Nutrition Dissertation Topics, Essays
Saturday, April 25, 2020
LINGUISTICS Essays - Articles, Academic Disciplines, Linguistics
LINGUISTICS The word Linguistics' has been derived from the Latin lingua (tongue) and istics (knowledge or science). Etymologically, therefore, linguistics is the scientific language. But it is the study not of one particular language but of human language in general. It studies language as a universal and recognizable part of human behavior. It attempts to describe and analyze language. The field of linguistics comprises under-standing of the place of language in human life, the ways in which it is organized to fulfill the needs it serves, and the functions it performs. So linguistics is that science which studies the origin, organization, nature and development of language descriptively, historically, comparatively and explicitly, and formulates the general rules related to language. Diachronic (historical) linguistics studies the development of language through history, through time, for example, the way in which French and Italian have evolved from Latin. Linguistics, therefore, is the science that describes and classifies languages. The linguist identifies and describes the units and patterns of the sound system, the words and morphemes, and the phrases and sentences, which is the structure of language, as completely, accurately, and economically as possible. LINGUISTIC LEVELS Linguistics levels' means the levels of language structure. There is a considerable difference among the linguisticians about the number and terminology of linguistic levels. Robert Hall (1969: 32) recommends the levels-phonology (phonemics-phonetics), morphology and syntax. R.H Robins (1971: 11) mentions phonology, grammar and semantics. Hockett (1973: 137-138) advocates the following five levels which he calls subsystems: The Grammatical System: a stock of morphemes, and the arrangements in which they occur; The Phonological System: a stock of phonemes, and the assignments in which they occur; The Morphophonemic System: the code which ties together the grammatical and the phonological system; The Phonemic System: the ways in which sequences of the phonemes are converted into sound waves by articulation of a speaker, and are decoded from the speech signal by a hearer; The Semantic System: This associates various morphemes, and arrangements in which morphemes can be put, with things situations, or kinds of things and situations. Hockett calls the first three of the above "central" subsystem, and the last two "peripheral" subsystems. Such a labeling of names, however, should not lead one to confusion. There are no basic differences about the structure of language. Such a classification is done by the linguist for the sake of convenience in the study of the subject matter, i.e. language which is a complex phenomenon. All these levels are inter-related aspects of his subject matter, quite often overlapping. Any separation or classification should not be treated as rigid or opaque. A linguist has to describe human language, and human beings do not use just one level of it at a time. There are three aspects of language activity, or three types of pattern in language, the material, the structural and the environmental leading to three separate linguistic levels-SUBSTANCE, FORM AND CONTEXT. "The substance is the raw material of language; auditory (PHONIC substance) or visual (GRAPHIC substance). The form is the organization, the internal structure, it is grammar + lexis. The context is the relationship between form and situation, which we call meaning (Semantics). The linguistic science has to explain language at all these levels. These levels are explained below: Phonics. Phonics is the study of speech processes including the anatomy, neurology and pathology of speech, the articulation, classification and perception of speech sounds. Phonetics is a pure science and need not be studied in relation to a particular language, but it has many practical applications e.g. in phonetic transcriptions, language teaching speech therapy, communications engineering. Some phoneticians consider phonetics to be outside the central core of linguistics proper, but most would include it under the heading linguistics science'. The linguistic aspects of phonetics, i.e., the study of sound systems of particular languages are part of phonology. -32385033655 The study of phonetics can be divided into three main branches, ARTICULATORY PHONETICS, the study of the movement of the speech organs in the articulation of speech, ACOUSTIC PHONETICS, the study of the physical properties of speech sounds such as frequency and amplitude in their transmission, and AUDITORY PHONETICS, the study of hearing and the perception speech sound. Laboratory Phonetics.
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